Eye Infection in Dogs
Key takeaways
Dogs develop many different types of eye infections.
- When the eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea, or structures within the eye are affected, those are called blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, or uveitis respectively
- Bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections are common causes of eye infections
- Allergies, injuries, genetics, UV exposure, immune-mediated disorders, and cancer may also cause eye infections
- Red eyes, ocular discharge, swelling around the eyes, holding the eye closed, and corneal edema are some of the common symptoms
- Most eye infections are not emergencies, but urgent care is recommended to minimize the likelihood of permanent vision loss
- Many eye infections can be diagnosed with a thorough ophthalmologic examination, but other tests include cytology, culture, blood tests, and biopsy
- Treatment varies, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory eye drops or ointments work for most cases
- Some require surgical intervention or environmental modification
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A closer look: Eye Infection in Dogs
Eye infections are common for dogs and usually aren’t life-threatening, but urgent veterinary care is the best way to avoid serious complications and permanent vision loss.
Uncomplicated eye infections usually respond to topical medication within a few days, but some associated conditions, like allergies, pannus, or keratoconjunctivitis sicca require lifelong treatment.
The names of some types of eye infections indicate which tissue is inflamed:
- Conjunctivitis (lining of the eye)
- Keratitis (cornea)
- Blepharitis (eyelid)
- Uveitis (interior structures of the eye)
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Risk factors
Dogs with bilateral infections that may show signs of vision loss:
- Bumping into things
- Disorientation
- Stumbling
- Refusing to do steps
- Reluctance to jump
Possible causes
A variety of pathogens can infect the tissues in and around the eyes, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and parasites.
Main symptoms
Testing and diagnosis
Many eye infections can be diagnosed with nothing more than a thorough ophthalmologic examination. Other diagnostics include:
- Cytology
- Bacterial culture and sensitivity
- Fungal culture
- Bloodwork
- Ultrasound
- Biopsy
Steps to Recovery
Some eye infections resolve without treatment within a few days. Flushing the eye may be sufficient for eye infections caused by irritants or foreign bodies.
Uncomplicated eye infections often respond to eye drops or ointments containing antibiotics or antifungals. Anti-inflammatory eye drops and ointments are also commonly used.
KCS requires lifelong treatment with cyclosporine eye ointment.
Dogs who develop pannus from chronic exposure to UV light may benefit from being kept indoors or wearing sunglasses or goggles.
Surgery may be indicated for dogs with eyelid deformities, tumors, or serious ocular injuries. Surgery is curative for eyelid deformities and cherry eyes, although additional procedures may be needed over time.
Treatment of eye infections in dogs is usually successful, but some types of eye infections recur or result from lifelong illnesses.
Allergy pills may relieve allergic conjunctivitis. Allergies usually last for the dog’s whole life, but allergic conjunctivitis waxes and wanes depending on allergen exposure.
Prevention
Some eye infections can be prevented with routine vaccinations and parasite control.
Since many eye infections are potentially contagious, isolation of affected dogs may be warranted.
Is Eye Infection in Dogs common?
Eye infections are common in dogs.
Typical Treatment
- Antimicrobial and/or anti-inflammatory topical medications
- Oral medications
- Surgery
