Hip dysplasia occurs when the hip joint develops in an abnormally loose manner, creating chronic instability in the hip joint.

Elbow dysplasia (ED) describes a group of developmental conditions which results in the bones of the elbow joint not fitting together perfectly.

Osteochonditis Dissecans (OCD) is a developmental condition where a flap of cartilage breaks off from the end of the bone, and lodges in the joint, triggering inflammation and pain. Osteochondrosis (OC) describes the abnormal development of cartilage which leads to OCD.

Arthritis is a general term referring to damage and inflammation of joints. Osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs is a chronic, progressive form of this disease resulting in pain and reduced mobility.

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is a disease that causes degeneration of the femoral head spontaneously. It is also known as avascular or aseptic necrosis of the femoral head.

Head pressing is a behavior demonstrated when a dog compulsively faces a wall or corner and remains there without moving or appearing engaged in any kind of activity for a period of time.

Muscle tremors in dogs are involuntary, repetitive, rhythmic muscle movements.

Muscle atrophy describes the thinning or wasting of muscles. It is a common symptom in dogs, seen as part of many conditions.

Elapid envenomation occurs when a dog is bitten by a snake from the elapid family (e.g. coral snakes).

Venomous snakes are found in many locations throughout the world, however most reports of dog envenomation

Difficulty breathing (dyspnea) is always cause for concern, so any dog who suddenly exhibits this symptom needs emergency medical care. Many conditions can cause dyspnea,

Paralysis is the lack of ability to voluntarily move one or more parts of the body. It may or may not be accompanied by loss of sensation.

Seizures result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Seizure activity varies from subtle staring to complete collapse and muscle spasms (convulsions).

Exercise intolerance is a decreased ability to endure sustained exercise.

Burned paws occur in dogs when foot pads encounter damaging heat or chemicals resulting in burn injury to the skin.

Lymphadenopathy is enlargement of the lymph nodes, and is a common finding in many diseases, illnesses, and conditions.

Cutaneous lumps are lumps within a dog’s skin which make a nodule, raised area, or discoloration on the surface of the skin.

Gastrointestinal blockages most commonly occur when a dog swallows a large, indigestible object. As the object moves through the gastrointestinal tract, it encounters progressively smaller tubes. Eventually, it becomes stuck, and blocks the flow of intestinal contents.

Collapse in dogs is generally defined as when a dog falls and cannot get back up.

If a dog tilts his head involuntarily or chronically, especially when along with other symptoms like ear pain or lack of balance, it may be a symptom of an underlying medical condition

Foxtails and other grass awns, are a common form of seed dispersal for many types of grass. Awns have numerous bristles that allow the seed head to embed in the skin and orifices of animals and their shape makes them difficult to remove

Joint pain refers to soreness of the spine and/or limbs and is a common symptom, especially in older dogs.

Joint swelling is caused by the buildup of fluid or excessive bone growth within a joint.

Cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture is the most common cause of hind limb lameness in dogs, and occurs due to traumatic injury or progressive degeneration of the ligament.

Difficulty whelping (delivering puppies) is known as dystocia. Dark green discharge from the vulva is a normal sign of labor,

Rapid breathing (also called tachypnea, polypnea, or shortness of breath) is characterized by sustained periods of short, frequent breaths.

Pale gums are when the normal pink color of the gums turns pale or white, usually due to a serious underlying health problem.

Anal scooting describes the behavior of a dog when it drags its rear end across the floor; usually characterized as sitting, lifting hind legs, and using anterior legs to drag the body forward while the anus area drags on the floor

Weakness is a symptom where dogs move slowly, struggle to rise from rest, are reluctant to exercise, and sometimes have muscle shaking.

Limping, also known as lameness, is when a dog is walking abnormally, unevenly, or with difficulty.