Eyelid Inflammation (Blepharitis) in Cats

Many of the conditions associated with blepharitis are common, so it is not rare.

Blepharitis is not life threatening, but if the underlying cause is not addressed and adequately treated inflammation will continue or progress, affecting other parts of the eye which can lead to vision damage. Swelling often subsides once the underlying cause has been treated.

Note: While squamous cell carcinoma is rare, blepharitis is one of its symptoms. Due to white cats' predisposition to this type of cancer, veterinary consultation is highly recommended if blepharitis is observed or suspected.

Symptoms of blepharitis vary in multiple ways:

• Unilateral or bilateral (one or both eyes affected)
• Acute (sudden onset) or chronic (has been ongoing for some time)
• Focal (affecting a small spot) or diffuse (affecting the whole eyelid)
• A solitary symptom or accompanied by other signs of dermatitis or eye disease

Due to scratching at the irritated eye, secondary trauma to the eye or surrounding tissue is common. Inflammation can spread leading to conjunctivitis or ulcerative keratitis.

Risk factors for blepharitis are higher in

• Kittens
• FIV and FeLV positive cats
• Pets housed in high-density situations
• Brachycephalic breeds (“push face” breeds)
• White cats, due to risk of some cancers
• Animals commonly exposed to irritants such as smoke or dust
• Pets with environmental or food allergies
• Outdoor cats

Blepharitis can be secondary to any condition that causes irritation of the eyelids.

Sometimes the cause cannot be identified.

Diagnostic tests include:

• Medical history and physical exam
• Ophthalmologic exam, including Schirmer tear test, fluorescein stain, tonometry
• Microscopic analysis of cells from the affected area
• Bacterial culture
• Biopsy
• Blood testing

Symptomatic treatment options include:

• Warm compress
• Manual removal of discharge
• Use of an elizabethan collar

Specific treatment depends on the underlying cause of the inflammation. In some cases, referral to a specialist may be required.

Additional procedures and treatments for the underlying condition causing blepharitis may include:

• Surgical intervention
• Medications
• Dietary changes

Once the underlying cause has been addressed or managed, inflammation is expected to subside.

Some of the potential causes of blepharitis are serious and difficult, if not impossible, to treat. Squamous cell carcinoma in cats often occurs on the eyelid.

Blepharitis is not contagious, but some of the conditions that cause it are.

Prevention measures for diseases that can lead to blepharitis include:

• Staying up to date on vaccinations
• Managing chronic health conditions such as diabetes mellitus, FIV, FeLV or immune-mediated disorders
• Keeping up to date with anti-parasitic medications, like flea control
• Maintaining a clean environment
• Preventing overcrowding in facilities like cat boarding houses
• Reducing environmental allergens and irritants
• Segregating and prompt treatment for cats showing signs of illness

Due to the wide variety of associated conditions, blepharitis is common in cats.

• Warm compress
• Manual removal of discharge
• Use of an elizabethan collar
• Diagnosis and treatment of underlying cause