What to do if your cat has an ear mite infestation

Ear mites, or Otodectes cynotis, are very common in cats and cause symptoms such as intense itching and granular ear discharge that looks like coffee grounds. Treatment is fairly straightforward, but a veterinarian can properly diagnose and suggest a safe and effective mite treatment. This article will discuss:

• Signs of ear mites in cats
• How mites are diagnosed by a vet
• How to get rid of ear mites in cats

Ear mites inhabit the ear canals of infected animals and feed on skin oil and earwax. The parasites are extremely itchy, and scratching may lead to injuries to the ears and face. Once skin on the face or lining the ear is damaged, it may become infected. Ear mite infestations in cats are generally not dangerous, but prompt treatment with a vet-recommended anti-parasitic medication eliminates the mites and prevents complications.

Ear mites, or Otodectes cynotis, are a common external parasite found in the ear canal of cats, dogs, foxes and ferrets around the globe. Mites survive by feeding on skin oil and other debris found in the ear. These nearly microscopic parasites are very difficult to see with the naked eye but can cause severe symptoms. Cats catch mites by being in close contact with an infected animal. Ear mites can’t fly but can crawl from one animal to another. Ear mite infestations, also known as otodectic mange, are highly contagious and very common in cats, particularly those in large groups, such as barn cats or cats in shelters.

What do ear mite infestations look like in cats?

The mites themselves are very difficult to see because they’re so small, but they can cause very obvious symptoms. Affected ears often have black, granular discharge that looks like coffee grounds or may have thick, dark, foul-smelling wax buildup. This may affect one or both ears, but it’s common for both ears to be affected because of how contagious the mites are.

Clinical signs of ear mite infestations have similar symptoms to bacterial and fungal ear infections. Common signs include:

• Excessive scratching at the ears
• Holding the ears down against the head
• Dark granular ear discharge
• Dark earwax buildup or discharge
• Head shaking
• Red, inflamed ear canal
• Foul odor in the ears
• Crusty ears
• Ear pain or sensitivity

Cats may also have scratches and scabby sores on the ears or face that may become infected due to incessant scratching. Ear mite infections can cause cats to be so itchy that they can’t rest comfortably.

Are ear mites dangerous for cats?

The majority of ear mite infestations in cats are not dangerous. However, untreated infestations can lead to severe secondary fungal or bacterial ear infections, as well as damage to the ears and face. Prompt treatment is recommended to eliminate the mites, relieve symptoms, and prevent secondary infections.

When a cat presents with ear itchiness or discharge, a vet performs a physical exam and examines their ears with an otoscope. A microscopic examination of an ear swab will likely be recommended to determine the underlying cause of ear inflammation. Mites and their eggs, as well as bacteria and yeast, are easily seen under the microscope, allowing for an accurate diagnosis. Home tests that diagnose ear issues may be an option if you’ve booked a consult with an online vet. An accurate diagnosis is necessary because mites and infections are treated differently.

The treatment of ear mites in cats may vary based on the severity of the infestation and if there’s a secondary infection. Mite treatment may include:

• Thorough ear cleaning
• Oral or topical medication for parasites
• Antibiotics or antifungals for infection
• Treatment of any facial or ear injuries due to scratching

“Antiparasitic medications do not kill mite eggs, so the treatment needs to be repeated over several weeks to months until the entire mite population has been killed,” states Dr. Jo Myers, a veterinarian on Vetster. “Since ear mites are so contagious, all animals in the home that had direct contact with the affected cat will need mite treatment, even if they do not have symptoms.” Both indoor and outdoor cats can become infested, but outdoor cats are at a higher risk due to greater exposure to other cats with mites.

Treating the home is not usually necessary with a mite infestation because mites can’t live in the environment without a host for long. A repeat ear swab may be recommended after finishing treatment to ensure the treatment was successful. Many of the commonly available broad-spectrum flea and tick control products used in cats are also effective against ear mites, so they may be used for both treatment and prevention.

Can I treat my cat with ear mites without going to the vet?

It is highly recommended to talk to a vet for an official diagnosis before attempting to treat ear mites at home. Misdiagnosis at home is common because many ear conditions have similar symptoms. Infections and mite infestations require different treatment, and a cat may experience both at the same time. Prescription oral and topical medications are typically much more convenient and easy to use than over-the-counter ear drops that must be administered frequently to be effective. Cats are squirmy and may not tolerate this form of repeated treatment. In addition, not all over-the-counter products are safe for cats or safe to use around children. Products meant for dogs can be highly toxic to cats. Always talk to a veterinarian for a recommended product to treat your cat’s ear mite infestation.

Are ear mites contagious to humans?

Ear mites are very contagious between animals, but they can’t live for long on humans since they’re not the intended host. Some people can be allergic to mites and may develop a minor rash if mites crawl onto their skin and bite them.

What do ear mites look like on cats?

Ear mites are very small, about the size of a pinhead, and very difficult to see with the naked eye. Pet owners are more likely to notice other signs, such as ear discharge that looks like coffee grounds, a buildup of dark earwax, and frequent scratching at the ears.

How do you get rid of ear mites in cats?

Mites are treated with anti-parasitic medication. Many of the broad-spectrum flea and tick control products used in cats are also effective for both treatment and prevention of ear mites. Prescription medications from a vet are often easier to use, especially with cats that are intolerant to having their ears frequently cleaned. Always get a vet-recommended product to ensure it’s safe and effective, as many parasite products are toxic for cats. A definitive diagnosis of mites is recommended before giving treatment.

Do I need to clean my house if my cat has ear mites?

Mites can’t survive in the environment long without a host, so environmental treatment such as frequent vacuuming, washing pet bedding, and using household pesticides is usually not necessary.