Urinary Incontinence in Dogs

Published on
Last updated on
3 min read

Key takeaways


Urinary incontinence in dogs is when urination occurs without control or awareness.

  • This presents as spotting or dribbling of urine, without the pet actively choosing to do so
  • Conditions which interfere with structures controlling urination, such as the spinal cord, brain, and urogenital system can lead to urinary incontinence, such as prostatic diseases, developmental abnormalities, injuries, or bacterial infections
  • Symptoms are typically sufficient to identify incontinence
  • Diagnostic imaging, bloodwork, neurological tests, and a urinalysis are used to find the underlying cause
  • Incontinence is usually treated with medication, although surgery may be required depending on the underlying cause
Are you concerned?

Connect with a vet to get more information about your pet’s health.

Book an online vet

A closer look: Urinary Incontinence in Dogs


Urinary incontinence is separate and distinct from inappropriate urination or house soiling. In cases of incontinence, urine is passed involuntarily without active effort or even awareness of it happening. In cases of inappropriate elimination, the affected dog is actively passing urine in an inappropriate time or place.

Incontinence is easiest to spot when a pet dribbles or spots while performing regular activities, such as resting or walking. Fur may be damp or matted, and typically has an unpleasant odor.

Some conditions which lead to incontinence can be severe, such as cancers, infections, or injuries. Prompt veterinary intervention is required for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Connect with a vet to get more information

With verified licenses and excellent reviews from pet parents like you for this type of symptom

Possible causes


Any condition affecting structures controlling urination, such as the spinal cord, brain, urogenital system, and related nerves, may lead to incontinence.

Risk factors


Urinary incontinence is common in dogs, particularly large breed, spayed female dogs. Urinary incontinence is rarely a cause for serious concern, and is usually treatable.

Incontinence is more concerning if accompanied by other emergency symptoms.

Urine trapped in the fur may result in skin irritation, including urine scalding on the inside of the rear legs or on the belly.

Incontinence in a younger puppy is more likely to be a congenital defect, such as a patent urachus. Incontinence in adult or senior dogs is more likely related to degenerative problems or chronic diseases.

Some conditions only affect certain sexes. Males can be affected by prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer, whereas females are susceptible to USMI.

Testing and diagnosis


Diagnostics include

  • Physical examination
  • Diagnostic imaging, such as X-rays, ultrasound, or CT scan
  • Bloodwork
  • Urinalysis
  • Neurological tests
  • Cystoscopy

Incontinence is usually treated with medication, depending on the underlying cause. Some cases, such as incontinence caused by developmental abnormalities, are treated with surgery. Patients that have urinary tract infections associated with incontinence may require antibiotics.

If incontinence recurs, or is chronic, followup monitoring appointments to adjust treatment or identify additional underlying causes are warranted.

Similar symptoms


A dog peeing from excitement, stress, or due to submissive behavior can be mistaken for incontinence.

Associated symptoms


References


Urinary Incontinence in Dogs and Cats
Wendy Brooks, DVM, DABVP - Writing for Veterinary Partner
Urinary Incontinence in Dogs: Diagnostics and Management Strategies
Jodi L. Westropp, DVM, PhD, DACVIM - Writing for Veterinary Partner
Urinary Incontinence (Urethral Incontinence) in Dogs
Malcolm Weir, DVM, MSc, MPHTammy Hunter, DVM; Ernest Ward, DVM - Writing for VCA Animal Hospitals
Female Canine Urinary Incontinence
No Author - Writing for Merck Animal Health

Our editorial committee

Our medical review team is responsible for validating and maintaining the quality of our medical information.