Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection that affects many animals, including dogs and humans.

In feline diabetes, the body’s cells do not respond to insulin, the major hormone that regulates cellular absorption of blood sugar

Dark urine is commonly observed in dogs, and is often normal. The color of urine varies for healthy pets, but some illnesses and injuries can contribute to a color change in the urine along with other symptoms.

Bloody urine is red, pink, or brown-tinged. This symptom is uncommon in dogs, but indicates potentially serious underlying diseases.

Blood in the urine is a common symptom in cats and it can have a multitude of causes which vary from mild to deadly if left untreated

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare disease in cats that should not be confused with diabetes mellitus, or sugar diabetes. DI results from a failure of normal antidiuretic hormone (ADH) signaling

Congenital kidney disease is a group of kidney diseases that develop before birth, during fetal growth.

Pyelonephritis is a urinary tract infection that affects the kidneys. The infection is most usually caused by a bacteria (usually E. coli) that moves up the urinary tract from the bladder into the kidneys

Urinary tract stones (uroliths) are clusters of minerals excreted in urine. They may be localized to any region of the tract, including the bladder and kidneys.

Brown or bloody urine in horses is urine that appears darker than usual as it exits the body. Brown or bloody urine is a symptom of urinary tract bleeding, breakdown of red blood cells, or muscle damage in the horse’s body

Congenital kidney disorders are present at birth, and include conditions such as kidney hypoplasia, undeveloped kidneys, polycystic kidneys, and kidney cysts.

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a very rare condition in dogs resulting in the lack of production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or a lack of response to the hormone.

Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism) is caused by elevated cortisol levels in the bloodstream due either a tumor on the adrenal or pituitary glands or from prolonged administration of corticosteroids.

Chronic kidney disease is the irreversible loss of kidney function over a period of a minimum of 1-3 months. This disease is permanent, progressive, and fatal but quality of life may be enhanced with treatment

Pollakiuria refers to abnormally frequent urination, usually in small volumes. Characterized by frequent posturing to urinate (squatting) with small volumes of urine voided

Feline lower urinary tract diseases (FLUTD) lead to inflammation of some or all of the feline lower urinary tract (bladder, urethra).

Urinary incontinence is the involuntary release of urine. An affected cat may dribble urine or void a large amount, while seemingly unaware. Voiding urine is clearly involuntary if it occurs while the cat is sleeping or walking and not crouched in the usual posture for elimination.

Diabetes mellitus, or diabetes, is a common hormonal disorder of dogs, primarily caused by low or absent levels of insulin in the bloodstream.

Uroliths are commonly known as “stones” and can form anywhere in the urinary tract. Uroliths are very common in dogs. Severity depends on where the stone is located and whether it is impacting the normal function of the urinary system.

Cancer of the lower urinary tract is uncommon in dogs. The lower urinary tract consists of the bladder, urethra (tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body), and in males the prostate gland.

Urinary tract cancer is an extremely rare condition in cats, with no known risk factors. Can develop in the bladder, kidneys, ureters (tube connecting kidneys to bladder), urethra (tube where urine is expelled from the body), and prostate gland (in males).

Amyloidosis occurs as a secondary condition to chronic inflammation in dogs. It is the result of build up of proteins in the affected organ, which negatively impacts function. In dogs, amyloidosis most commonly affects the kidneys and is usually detected when signs of kidney disease begin to develop.

Bacterial cystitis is infection and inflammation of the bladder, usually caused by bacteria entering through the urethra in dogs. Bacterial cystitis is commonly called a lower urinary tract infection, or UTI.

Umbilicus infection (omphalophlebitis), or navel ill in foals is a condition where the stump of the umbilical cord becomes infected shortly after birth. Left untreated, the condition can quickly become life-threatening, with foals deteriorating rapidly.

Urinary stones in horses are masses of minerals which accumulate in the urinary system. They are caused by an abnormal buildup of minerals normally found in the urinary system. 

Persistent heat is a rare symptom in cats where the hormonal regulation of the reproductive cycle is disrupted, causing the cat to be in estrus (heat) for an abnormally prolonged period. 

Pollakiuria refers to frequent urination of small amounts. It is a common symptom of conditions affecting the lower urinary tract, including urinary stones, bladder inflammation, urinary obstructions, and urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Straining to urinate (stranguria) in cats is a serious symptom indicating some degree of disruption of urine flow. Cats may enter the litter box frequently, posturing to urinate, with visible pushing, and may cry out. 

Straining to urinate (stranguria) in dogs is a serious symptom indicating some degree of disruption of urine flow. Dogs will posture to urinate, with visible pushing. Straining may be productive or unproductive, and may be consistent or intermittent.

Bacterial lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur when a bacterial infection arises in the urethra or bladder. UTIs commonly develop in association with a number of other conditions in cats such as urinary stones, constipation, megacolon, or other urinary tract diseases.