Vaginal Inflammation (Vaginitis) in Dogs

In most cases, vaginitis in mature dogs is caused by a bacterial infection of the tissues of the vagina. The vagina is a moist, warm environment that is an excellent host to bacteria. Vaginitis develops when bacteria proliferate and cause inflammation of the tissues.

In other cases, there is an acute cause of vaginitis due to the presence of a wound, foreign body, or abscess. In these cases, treating the underlying cause typically resolves the vaginitis.

In less common cases, chronic vaginitis develops from causes that develop slowly, or from malformations that increase the risk of infection. This occurs when there is an abnormality in the structures that relate to the vagina such as cancer, ureter malformation, or a hooded vulva.

In puppies, juvenile vaginitis is common. It typically resolves on its own after the first heat season. The underlying cause of juvenile vaginitis is unknown.

Dogs with vaginitis are itchy and uncomfortable. In very rare cases, the underlying cause of vaginitis can be life-threatening. Veterinary attention is required to determine the underlying cause and to relieve the symptoms. Female dogs of all ages are susceptible to vaginitis, whether spayed or intact. Puppies who have not reached their first heat season are especially susceptible.

Dogs with longer hair are more susceptible to vaginitis due to the possibility of moisture and dirt becoming trapped near the vaginal opening.

Dogs who are overweight are also more susceptible.

The severity of vaginitis depends on the underlying cause but as some causes can be life-threatening, it is always advisable to seek veterinary care in cases of vaginitis.

The most common cause of vaginitis is a bacterial infection of the tissues in the vaginal opening.

Diagnostic tools to identify the underlying cause of vaginitis include:

• Physical examination
• Bloodwork
• Urinalysis
• Bacterial culture of vaginal discharge
• Diagnostic imaging such as ultrasound, and X-rays
• Vaginal cytology
• Vaginoscopy
• Biopsy

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include:

• Antibiotics
• Anti-inflammatories
• Wound care, including removal of foreign bodies
• Hormone treatment
• Medicated vaginal wipes
• Probiotics

In the case of juvenile vaginitis, the condition is typically left to resolve on its own.

In the case of tumors or abnormalities in the anatomy, surgery is necessary.

With treatment, vaginitis usually resolves within two or three weeks. The prognosis is good.

In the case of juvenile vaginitis, the condition usually resolves after the first heat cycle. In these cases, allowing the dog to go through one heat cycle before spaying is recommended.

In cases with anatomical abnormalities or tumors, the prognosis is more guarded and depends on whether the underlying cause can be treated effectively.

Preventing vaginitis requires excellent hygiene.

For dogs who are susceptible to vaginitis, wiping the vaginal area after urination, defecation, and outdoor activity are recommended.

Clipping the fur of long-haired dogs to prevent dirt and moisture getting trapped near the vagina is recommended.

Ensuring the dog has a healthy body weight is also recommended.

Vaginitis is common in dogs.

Antibiotics Anti-inflammatories Wipes Surgical intervention Probiotics