Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a condition in cats where a piece of cartilage breaks off the end of a bone and becomes lodged in the joint.
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in cats is extremely rare. There are only a handful of reported cases, and the majority of information currently available is in relation to its appearance in dogs.
OCD is a developmental disease affecting growing bones of animals under one year of age.
Symptoms vary depending on the length of time the cartilage defect has been present. Chronic OCD can lead to arthritis and inability to use the affected limb.
Given that this is a very rare condition in cats, risk factors are unknown. In dogs, some risk factors include injury, excessive vitamin D and calcium in diet, lack of blood flow, hormonal issues, and a predisposition in larger breeds.
Osteochondritis dissecans is caused by a developmental defect in the cartilage at the end of a growing bone. The resulting crack or flap in the cartilage irritates the joint and leads to pain and arthritis.
OCD symptoms typically develop in a young, growing animal with no known history of an injury.
After a physical examination and medical history, a number of tests can be done to determine if OCD is present, including;
If OCD is confirmed, treatment can vary depending on severity but may include surgical correction or conservative management.
Conservative management strategies include
OCD is so rare in cats that little is known about the prognosis. Some cartilage defects are small and heal on their own, but OCD can be a lifelong condition and may lead to development of osteoarthritis later in life. In cases of OCD in the shoulder joint, recovery appears to be more likely. With early intervention, prognosis is more favorable overall but is generally still guarded.
As the cause in cats is generally unknown, prevention is not currently possible. Reduction in likelihood of onset can include monitoring limb health, maintaining a healthy diet, and avoiding injury where possible. Osteochondritis dissecans is not contagious.
Osteochondritis dissecans is extremely rare in cats.