Grinding Teeth (Bruxism) in Cats
Key takeaways
Bruxism in cats describes grinding teeth, and may also include chattering of teeth in some cases.
- Bruxism is associated with a wide variety of conditions, including nervous system disorders, gastrointestinal (GI) conditions, oral diseases, esophageal disorders, injuries, and dietary deficiencies
- While bruxism alone is not indicative of an emergency, some associated conditions may be fatal
- When presented with bruxism, diagnostics include imaging, a physical examination, bloodwork, and urinalysis
- When indicated, treatment targets the underlying condition and may include medication, surgery, or supportive therapies
- In some cases treatment is not possible, and euthanasia is considered
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A closer look: Grinding Teeth (Bruxism) in Cats
Bruxism is a common symptom in cats, particularly those experiencing pain. Bruxism is not necessarily indicative of an emergency, but is associated with many conditions, some of which are potentially life-threatening.
Chronic bruxism leads to dental complications, infection, and pain. Affected cats benefit from prompt veterinary attention. If bruxism is accompanied by other symptoms, timely veterinary investigation is warranted.
Although distinct from bruxism, tooth chattering in cats has similar associated underlying conditions, diagnostics, and treatment protocols. Cats showing symptoms of tooth chattering require prompt veterinary examination.
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Possible causes
Risk factors
Bruxism may present itself suddenly (acute), or develop gradually over time (chronic). Acute bruxism is typically associated with conditions that develop quickly, such as traumatic injuries. Chronic bruxism may be associated with more long-term conditions, such as tumors or anxiety.
Grinding may happen persistently or intermittently. Knowing when grinding occurs may assist a vet in determining diagnosis.
Bruxism on its own is typically associated with less severe underlying conditions. Bruxism associated with other symptoms may have a more severe underlying cause, or conditions that require more prompt treatment.
Testing and diagnosis
Diagnostics include:
- A physical examination, with particular emphasis on an oral examination
- Diagnostic imaging, including X-rays or ultrasound
- Bloodwork
- Urinalysis
- Endoscopy
Not every cat presenting with bruxism requires treatment, depending on the identified cause of the symptom. When treatment is indicated, it targets the underlying condition. This may include:
- Dietary therapy
- Anti-nausea medication
- Surgery
- Antibiotics
- Antifungal medication
- Corticosteroids
- Supportive therapy, such as painkillers
Some underlying causes are severe, and cannot be treated. In these cases, euthanasia may be considered.
Similar symptoms
Focal seizures can appear similar to bruxism, with an affected cat snapping at the air without a notable trigger, as though the cat is catching flies. Veterinary evaluation is required to distinguish focal seizures from bruxism.
Associated symptoms
Chronic bruxism may lead to oral pain and worn teeth.
